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Showing posts from January, 2017

VoLTE - voice over long-term evolution

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VoLTE stands for voice over long-term evolution. It is standard for high-speed wireless communication for mobile phones. VoLTE is an IMS -based specification. Adopting this approach, it enables the system to be integrated with the suite of applications that will because available on LTE . Originally the concept for SMS and voice system over LTE using IMS had been opposed by many operators because of the complexity of IMS. They had seen it as for too expensive and burdensome to introduce and maintain. History At the 2010 GSMA mobile world congress, GSMA announced that they were supporting the voice solution to provide voice over LTE Different companies provide VoLTE services at different time some of them are May 2014 Singtel introduce the world’s first commercial “full=featured” VoLTE services in Singapore, only in combinational with the Galaxy Note 3. July 2015 SEATEL Cambodia announced that world’s first commercial 100% VoLTE services without 2G/3G in Cambo...

LTE - long-term evolution

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LTE stands for Long-Term Evolution. It is just a part of wireless communication for mobile phones. It is standard for high-speed wireless communication. The standards are developed by the 3GPP (3 rd generation partnership project). LTE is a registered trademark owned by ETSI (European telecommunication standard institute) for wireless data communication technology. The main aim of LTE was to increase the capacity and speed of wireless data network using DSP (digital signal processing) techniques. The different LTE frequencies and bands used in different countries means that only multi-band phones are able to use LTE in all countries where it support. LTE was first proposed by NTT DoCoMo of japan in 2004, and studies on the new standard officially commenced in 2005. Features Higher peak data rate Improved spectrum efficiency Mobility – optimization for low-mobility (up to 15km/h), support with high performance for medium mobility (up to 129 km/h), supporte...

Memristor

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In recent year there has been a revolution in electronics, with a variety of phenomena being utilized in the construction of a new type of memory circuit for the computer application. A device which has had an increasing role is the memristor, whose description and properties have so far had little mention in physics education.  History  The memristor was the term coined in 1971 by  Leon Chua as a missing non-linear passive two-terminal electrical component relating electric charge and magnetic flux linkage. Leon Chua, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, predicted the existence of a fourth fundamental device, which he called a memristor. He proved that memristor behaviour could not be duplicated by any circuit built using only the other three elements, which is why the memristor is truly fundamental. Memristor is a contraction of ―memory resistor, because that is exactly its function: to remember its h...

Paper Battery

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Paper Battery A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and production device formed by combining carbon nanotube with a conventional sheet of cellulose-based paper. These batteries are environmentally-friendly. They are non-corrosive and not require extensive housing. A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery and super capacitor combining two components that are separated in traditional electronics. This combination allows the battery to provide long-term steady power production and bursts of energy. Non-toxic, flexible paper batteries have the potential to power the next generation of electronics, medical devices, and hybrid vehicles, allowing for radical new designs and medical technologies. Features of paper battery Paper thin sheet,  like shape and size and allowing the storage device to conduct electricity. Function as both a lithium-ion battery and super capacitor; can provide a long, steady power output comparable to a c...

Owner of internet

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The owner of the internet? Do you know this? No?? Let’s know this! We daily use the internet and pay money to our service providers. Are they are the main owner of the internet? The answer is no. The owners of the internet are the companies who setups the cables in oceans.  And they not completely own the internet. In short, we pay to our internet service provider, they take their interest from us and they are payable to the companies who setups the cables in oceans. That’s the process and that companies are not payable to anyone only they pay the taxes if any. The main point is that no government can lay claim to owning the internet. The internet works because of a system of rule called protocols. By following these protocols, computers can send information across the network to other computers. If there were no protocols, then there be no guarantee that the information sent from one computer could be understood by another, or that it even reache...